The Economist

Commentary : 'It's the economy, stupid'

Rigoberto D. Tiglao
Inquirer News Service

A CLICHĒ that may seem to be. But other than the weaknesses of the charges against President Macapagal-Arroyo, it's one answer to the question why the Gloria-Ibagsak crowd-despite all the sophisticated and well-funded plots and propaganda it has made against her-can't prod a People Power revolt.

The economy is important in understanding our past two Edsas. Because of massive Marcos cronyism, the economy was in crisis by 1984, making almost inevitable the first Edsa in 1986. On the other hand, Erap's (Joseph Estrada's) drinking and mahjong sprees kept him away from decisively leading the economy out of the Asian-wide financial crisis that started in 1997. The political crises that broke out under Marcos and Estrada, because of entirely non-economic reasons-the Ninoy assassination in 1983 and Chavit Singson's exposé in 2000-only further weakened the troubled economies of each period. These, in turn, deepened the political crisis that confronted them, resulting in their ouster.

In contrast, despite the plots against the President since 2001, the economy in the past four years under her has become stronger.

Take a look at the figures: the rate of economic growth, measured by the growth of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and inflation rates, in percentages:

President Average GDP Growth Rate (%) Average Inflation Rate (%)

Aquino 3.8 10.4

Ramos 3.7 7.6

Estrada 2.8 6.0

Arroyo 4.0 5.2

The economy registered its highest growth under Arroyo's presidency compared to the preceding three administrations; inflation, the lowest. There is an unmistakable economic momentum. Growing only 1.3 percent in the first quarter of 2001 when she assumed office, the GDP growth rate has accelerated to 6.4 percent by the first and second quarters of 2004, slowed down this year only by the oil crisis.

Jobs generated annually, measured by year-on-year increases in the number of employed persons, have seen the biggest number under Arroyo:

President

(No. of years) Total during term (000) Average per year (000)

Aquino (6) 4,800 800

Ramos (6) 3,774 686

Estrada (2+) 405 162

Arroyo (3.5) 3,643 1,214

The economic growth under Ms Arroyo has helped the poorest. Poverty incidence has gone down, from 27.5 percent in 2000 to 24.7 percent in 2003. This means 1 million Filipinos getting out of the poverty quagmire in just three years. Wealth distribution has also improved, as shown in the percentage changes in the shares of the different economic groups in the national income. Under Arroyo's watch, the percentage share of the richest 10th decile has declined by 1.5 percent, with the nearly corresponding increases in the share of the poorest deciles.

But it's not that the rich are being terribly impoverished under Gloria's term. Take the case of our stock market's performance, compared to those of others in the region. We're the third best performer this year. In contrast, massive stock manipulations involving the SSS and other state funds occurred in 2000, triggering a near-meltdown of the bourse.

Country 2004 Price Index 2005 May Price Index Growth (%)

Indonesia 1,000 1,088 8.8

Korea 895 970 8.3

RP 1,822 1,929 5.8

Singapore 2,066 2,161 4.6

Malaysia 907 861 -5.1

HK 14,230 13,867 -2.6

The two economic values that react immediately to political disturbances-the exchange and interest rates-behaved quite differently during Erap's and now Gloria's troubled months.

During Erap's crisis that started mid-2000, the peso's exchange rate fell from P43 to the dollar to P51, a huge P8-loss in our currency's value, foreboding a chaotic period unless Estrada was ousted. That certainly convinced the elite to junk him ASAP. In contrast, since the current turmoil started in June, the peso's exchange rate has held steady at the P56-level. This, despite the fact that crude oil prices have zoomed up to their highest levels in 20 years, putting tremendous pressure on the peso's value.

Interest rates, represented by the 91-day Treasury bill rates, remained high at the 10-percent levels in the months before Estrada's fall. In contrast, this year, T-bill rates have even softened, from 7.7 percent at the start of the year to the latest 5.8 percent.

And the coming months?

Business firms are expecting that the political storm will be ending soon.

A Bangko Sentral poll of 839 firms-that's more than double the 300 respondents in Pulse Asia's surveys-showed that businessmen are forecasting a better business climate in the fourth quarter, with the outlook index for that period measured at 18.3 percent. This is a reversal of the negative (i.e., pessimistic) 10.4-percent index for the third quarter of the year. (This newspaper's Aug. 19 article on this poll got it all wrong, with its headline: "BSP survey shows bearish outlook.")

It's the economy under Gloria which is helping thwart all the Ibagsak plots.

Oil Crisis

Editorial : Change in lifestyle

OIL futures last week breached the $67-a-barrel mark in New York, and so far no relief is in sight. It appears that in the near future as well as in the long term, the global economy is in for another period of high oil prices.

The Philippines, which is 55 percent dependent on fossil fuels for its energy needs, is greatly affected by the constantly rising prices of oil. Analysts estimate that every dollar increase in the price of Dubai crude adds about P500 million to the country's annual oil bill.

This is additional expenditure that the country, which is already pressed for funds, can hardly afford. Thus, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and business leaders have agreed that the best solution to the oil crisis is to cut down on the country's consumption of 330,000 barrels a day.

A huge reduction in the country's consumption of oil will entail a drastic change in the lifestyle of the people. Many of them will have to walk or bike to work. This will mean not only savings in fares and oil use but also daily exercise, and ultimately, a healthier work force.

Those who can still afford to drive cars will have to buy bantams and minis instead of the gas-guzzling AUVs, SUVs and CRVs. Some may have to switch to scooters or gas-powered skateboards. One version, the TT Racer, is light and can be maneuvered through the densest traffic.

Experiments should be pursued on the use of alternative fuels for vehicles such as alco-diesel, coconut methyl ester made from copra, compressed natural gas, ethanol and electricity. Some hybrid vehicles can be run on both gasoline and electricity.

Housewives will have to cut down on the use of LPG and electricity in the kitchen. One stove that runs on alternative fuels is the "green charcoal" stove that uses briquettes made of sawdust, corncobs, peanut shells, twigs and branches. Another is the "fantastic kalan" that uses wood chips, fresh coconut shells, charcoal and any hard combustible material. Several years ago someone made a stove that used compressed and balled old newspapers. We wonder whatever became of it.

More households will have to be encouraged to use solar energy for their daily needs. Some people think that solar energy is expensive. The initial installation of solar panels may be expensive, but in the long run, solar energy can be economical. In Negros Oriental province last year, a study showed that for as low as P343 a month, rural households can run modern conveniences such as television sets, electric lights, radio sets and even karaokes using solar energy.

A 5-watt system can be installed for P35,000. In Negros Oriental, people can buy it for only P20,000 because they can get a P15,000 discount through a grant from the Netherlands government and a P5,000 subsidy from the provincial government.

The architecture of office buildings and homes will have to be changed to reduce the use of electricity for airconditioning. For starters, homes can be designed so as to allow the maximum circulation of air: high ceilings, many windows and doors and ventanillas or sliding wooden windows beneath the big windows of old houses.

Filipino architects would do well to study Arabic architecture, particularly that of Saudi Arabia. In Jeddah the most striking feature on the facade of a typical townhouse are the "rawashin," great bay windows. The latticed rawashin serve three functions: providing privacy, enhancing the appearance of the house and providing good ventilation.

Today many public buildings and private homes have to use airconditioning because their architecture is Western; they are designed so as to conserve heat for fall, winter and early spring. This is illogical; we don't have winter in the Philippines. Why not use tropical architecture for a tropical country like ours?

Because less airconditioning will be used (we hope), people will also have to change the way they dress. Off with the heavy, thick and dark-colored woolen and flannel suits. Instead, more clothes made of cotton, linen and ramie will have to be used. For formal occasions, the elegant piña and "jusi" [banana fiber] will have to be used, but some way must be found to bring down their prices.

For the poor, the current oil crisis will mean more scrimping and greater deprivation. The rich, for their part, could help reduce the consumption of costly oil by changing their lifestyle and adopting the philosophy of voluntary simplicity. Malacañang has said that energy conservation is now a matter of national survival. Everyone will have to contribute to the effort to reduce oil consumption if we are to keep our head above the water.

Glo's Fave Mouthpiece

Commentary : Witches' brew

Rigoberto D. Tiglao
Inquirer News Service

IF you think the heated discussions of the congressmen tackling the mechanics for the impeachment are all garbage, take a look at the garbage-in.

Other than election fraud, many of the over a dozen charges against the President are indeed mind-boggling. For starters:

The President's approval of the E-VAT Law: "The oppressive E-VAT Law is another act of betrayal of public trust," according to former Marcos lawyer Oliver Lozano's Fifth Supplemental Affidavit. So, will all the legislators who voted for the passage of the E-VAT Law also face impeachment?

The President's refusal "to meet one-on-one with Mrs. Imelda Marcos" and "re-negotiate the 75-25 compromise agreement on the Marcos wealth" (Fifth Supplemental Affidavit). I'm sure Imelda is dying to be a witness in this charge.

The following six charges are in the "Amended Complaint" filed July 22 by the opposition and other Gloria Ibagsak people:

"Human rights violations": "Killings of political dissenters and infringement of their freedoms of expression and assembly…perpetrated by the members and agents of the AFP." The Left must be jolted out of its time-warp, that we're in 2005 now, not in 1985 when people under the Marcos dictatorship certainly believed that party line. Obviously, other than the President, the armed forces will be the accused here. The AFP has maintained in investigations by the Commission on Human Rights that the alleged killings were casualties in the anti-insurgency campaign. With this charge, the Gloria Ibagsak conspirators can kiss goodbye their wishful thinking that the military will one day join them.

Implementing the North Rail Project. Why not file this in the Ombudsman where it logically belongs, if the charge had any merit? Because the charge recruits into the impeachers' camp every congressman who hates Speaker Jose de Venecia, who convinced the Chinese government to invest in the project. This charge intends to torpedo what could be an epochal project that would link Manila to the northern provinces in the same manner that railways became the arteries for the US economic expansion at the turn of the 20th century. Exasperated, the ambassador of the People's Republic of China said: "Please keep endless politics out of NorthRail."

Not implementing Piatco's Terminal III contract: But it was the Supreme Court itself which ruled the contract anomalous. The respected Gloria Tan-Climaco, a former SGV chair, should file a libel case against those who signed the impeachment complaint. It makes the ridiculous charge that she asked for $20 million from Fraport for the government to open the terminal. Coincidentally or not, the Piatco lawyers are the same high-profile lawyers for the purported jueteng witnesses.

PhilHealth Cards: Only in the Philippines will a head of state be impeached for making available health insurance for 69 million of its citizens, 30 million of whom are the poorest in the land.

Road Users Tax Projects: Only in the Philippines will a head of state be impeached for implementing a law (RA 8794 of June 2000) to maintain roads.

Deactivation of the Southern Philippines Development Authority and the downsizing of the National Electrification Administration. Huh?

Another impeachment charge, over which Dinky most probably will be teary-eyed over:

That the President "permitted the First Gentleman" to stay away from the country (Third Supplemental Affidavit).

The impeachment charges look more like an obnoxious witches' brew wherein everyone in the coven wants to add his or her own special poison ingredient.

The ingredient for the Erap-FPJ-Lacson forces that were defeated in 2004: the election-fraud charges. Big, big problem here. This relies 100 percent on what the opposition admits are illegally acquired wiretaps. These are inadmissible in any proceeding according to the Anti-Wire Tapping Law. In the first place, are they really accurate recordings of conversations? Last Friday, local and foreign experts concluded that the tapes were either spliced or had serious anomalies.

The ingredients for the Left: "human rights violations" and the E-VAT.

Throw in the ingredient that the President should be impeached for not negotiating a settlement with the family of the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos. This would bring in the remnants of the Marcos forces.

It is not surprising therefore, that many in Congress would not want to gulp this witches' brew—intended not for anything else but to drug people's minds to join another lynch-mob.

Analyze the sequence of events of the past two months, and the word conspiracy jumps out. The jueteng hearings started in early June and then the alleged tapes surfaced a week later. The impeachment complaints were made between June 27 and July 22. The Gloria Resign campaign reached its peak July 8, when on that day the following events occurred: the Hyatt 10's melodrama, the resign calls by Cory, by a faction of the Makati Business Club, and then by the Drilon wing of the Liberal Party. Jojo Binay's Makati rally that evening was supposed to be the culmination of that coup-through-press-conferences.

That offensive fell on its face, and people have started to ignore the Ibagsak hubbub. On to Plan B: Camouflage the agitation to oust a President elected by 12.9 million Filipinos through an impeachment process, wherein everything but the kitchen sink will be thrown against her.

The plot's next scenario: Trigger a People Power when Congress throws out the impeachment complaint.

The Constitution's framers had the wisdom to realize that the impeachment process could degenerate into a harassment weapon for an immoral opposition hurling a plethora of baseless charges against a President, and tying down Congress away from its primordial law-making duty. So they put up a check on the process: Congress can consider only one impeachment complaint per year. A technicality that may seem, but only rules can put scheming scoundrels at bay.

"Fair is foul, foul is fair," the witches in Shakespeare's Macbeth intoned. Things are seldom what they seem.

For Congress to tackle all of the complaints seems fair. Yet it runs foul not only of the Constitution, but of sheer common sense. Not meeting with Imelda Marcos as grounds for impeachment? The Piatco and NorthRail issues?

For Congress to limit the inquiry only to the first Lozano complaint may seem foul. It is really being fair to Congress'—and to all Filipinos'—time and energies.

(Secretary Tiglao is the head of the Presidential Management Staff. He was an Inquirer columnist before he joined government in 2001. His views in this column are his own and should not be construed as official views of the Office of the President.—Ed.)

Roco's The Best

High Ground : Raul S. Roco: Filipinos lose the best, keep the worst

William Esposo wmesposo@hotmail.com
INQ7.net

When your country is helplessly trapped in the vicious downward spiral wrought by corruption and poverty, the least it needs to hear is news about the passing away of yet another of its already dwindling number of better leaders.

Raul S. Roco's demise last August 5 bore down on the nation like additional weight on a sinking ship. It is certainly not the time to lose our few remaining great Filipino icons, not when the term 'leadership' itself had become synonymous with 'impeachment', 'fraud' and 'nausea'. So why are all the good people going away and why are we left to live out the nightmare of the presidency of Gloria M. Arroyo?

Discerning voters knew it then during the election of 2004 that Raul Roco was the most qualified and best prepared candidate to lead the country in the wake of the two preceding disastrous presidencies of Joseph Estrada and Gloria M. Arroyo. But voters in impaired democracies usually fail in making intelligent and informed choices of their leaders. Many voters thought actor Fernando Poe Jr.'s pluck and daring on the cinema screen would also translate to a good ending in political leadership. Others allowed themselves to be locked in a situation where they must only choose between the 'lesser of two evils'. Forcing people to limit their choice to two undesirables had been a ploy to shut out the real threat to mediocrity and ineptness. This ploy was meant specifically to eliminate the threat of Raul Roco.

Other than Malacanang's failed attempt to smear Raul Roco for 'misuse of public funds' and 'extravagant spending' when he was Education Secretary, Roco's political career had never been tainted. Today, media's accolade for Raul Roco comes too late. It is regrettable that they revere him now for the good they had largely ignored or bypassed in the past, all because these did not qualify as sensational media bytes. Roco fell victim to the ruthless dynamics of a leadership bent on preserving itself at all costs and a media most vulnerable to reporting scandals, confirmed or otherwise.

With dirty tricks and deceitful machinations becoming the trademark of the regime of Gloria M. Arroyo, the injustice done to Raul Roco comes as no surprise. A regime that finds extreme difficulty in projecting a clean image can only resort to besmirching the reputation of anyone and anything that poses a challenge to its perpetuity in power. Inasmuch as the regime cannot appear clean because of the endless trail of scandals that hounds the president and her closest kin, it finds recourse in making its rivals appear 'dirtier'.

I wince each time I hear Gloria M. Arroyo wailing about being a 'victim of black propaganda, dirty tricks and trial by publicity'. It is as absurd as Hitler claiming to be a victim of racism and Idi Amin, of a most wicked cruelty. If it is any consolation, we at least know that the nation has wised up to her ways and is giving her rotten grades in a wide variety of credibility and approval ratings. Abe Lincoln best said it: "You can't fool all the people all the time."

But truth indeed prevails and the divine Maker has decided that Raul Roco's lifework is done. Raul joins the peace of his Maker, now safely out of reach from his detractors and evildoers who even have the gall and the temerity to publicly acclaim their recognition of Raul's virtue and goodness. That Raul is now hailed as the best president we never had is the ultimate tribute to his achievements and capabilities. It is also tacit condemnation of the present regime. Just as promised by the Almighty - in the end good triumphs over evil, the target of unjust slander is exalted while the serpent of doublespeak and perpetrator of lies is doubly condemned.

I am proud of having supported Raul Roco's dream of leading our country. I am proud to have stayed with him, through thick and thin, regardless of what the ratings say and in defiance of the fool's logic calling for a vote for the candidate that symbolized the lesser evil. Midway into the campaign, we knew the cause was lost and that money will again dictate its evil designs on an unwitting electorate.

I am honored to have earned Raul Roco's trust to be one of his campaign advisers. Working with Raul and his staff up close and personal was a most inspiring experience. His idealism made its mark in every one of his staff. After over 20 years either as a political watcher or as a direct participant in political events, I have developed the smarts for detecting shysters in politics. Raul Roco was the real thing. Not one to conceal his aversion to ineptitude and corruption, Raul's quick temper invariably hit their mark among the wrongdoers and their deeds. Raul's unmistakable honesty and straightforward character make his superior intellect and integrity most evident. All told, Raul had his high points and his low points but in the final analysis, they all served to magnify his human-ness, his magnanimity of spirit and his drive to serve.

In the initial 14 months that Raul Roco had been leading in the presidential race surveys, power players and brokers had sent him feelers - offering support. Such is the way of Philippine politics. Politics here is so tied-up with major economic interests that it has become a matter of business survival to be on the winning side of a presidential election. Raul knew very well that his campaign funds were no match against those of his opponents, let alone those held by the transient occupant by the Pasig River. But Raul chose not to compromise principles for exigency, believing and trusting to the very last in the wisdom of the Filipino people.

During the time when he held on to number 1, Raul Roco could very well have cemented his lead by taking the pragmatic approach. Power brokers and king makers had what it takes to make him win by expanding his war chest beyond his wildest dreams. I do not know of any other politician in this country today who would have passed off that opportunity. Raul Roco did. One of my favorite quotations goes: "Great is the man who can win a crown but greater is the one who can refuse it." Raul Roco virtually did that when he refused to accept the funding from interest groups that could have ensured his victory.

Raul's closest lieutenant, Ernie Pangan, who is also one of the prime movers of the Focolare Movement in the country, confided to me that Raul always emphasized to his staff that they are not to strike any deal that will compromise his presidency. Raul understood the sinister workings of patronage politics and its Frankenstein, the traditional politician. Raul's dream was to be the president of the people, not of selfish and moneyed interest groups.

He could have won. He had what it takes and he was number one in the initial part of the campaign. It would have been easy to sustain the momentum had he acquired the wherewithal to run victorious all the way up to the finish line. But he believed that good moral character, integrity and leadership capability had the power and force to win the battle against poverty, against the lack of education and economic opportunity of his people. He knew that if he allowed himself to be beholden to selfish interests, he would be betraying his own people and his own vision of a Filipino nation that has reached the 'Promised Land'. If he did that, he will not be true to himself and that to Raul Roco was the biggest sin of all. He offered himself and he offered real hope but alas, people were trapped in the game played by the demons of Philippine politics. They were concerned only in making a choice between lesser evils.

Yes, I am deeply saddened by Raul Roco's passing. With his passing, he takes with him a priceless asset of honest, moral and capable leadership. He has won - his integrity and sense of service remained intact to his last breath. The real losers are truly the Filipino people who suffer but remain blind to genuine sources of hope.

I am sadder for the upper and middle class members of our society who found refuge in the lesser evil. I can understand how much more difficult it would be for the masses to discern what is good for them. I can understand their attraction to showbiz types who comfort, humor and entertain them in the misery of their daily existence. But the supposedly more educated, more informed upper and middle class members of society who we expect to have better sense and propriety - there is no reason at all for them to select the lesser evil.

Because of them, the lesser evil has made our country a virtual hell.

Audio Forensics for Beginners

Posted by Alecks Pabico 
PCIJ

OUR source, an independent audio expert, has offered us a basic audio forensics lesson that we'd like to share with readers. One of the widely used methods for analyzing the authenticity of an audio clip, he says, is to break the clip down into its time-frequency domain spectrum by means of an algorithm called the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and look for discontinuities (changes in background noise), magnetic head start/stop/pause signatures, changes in subject's voice frequency signatures, and recording equipment noise.

The FFT algorithm breaks down the audio clip into its frequency component and is plotted on frequency-time domain image called a spectrograph. The horizontal component of the graph is represented by time (t) and the vertical component is represented by the frequency with the lowest frequency starting at the bottom of the graph. The volume (or decibel rating) is usually represented by changes in color/intensity of the plot.

Plate 1 shows an example of a FFT Spectrograph analysis, this one done on the three-hour recordings, particularly on the " yung dagdag" portion.

The top portion of the image shows the actual waveform of the clip while the bottom part is the result of the FFT Spectrograph analysis. The forensic person will initially look for discontinuities on the clip by simply checking each frequency (from background noise to equipment noise) and see if there are changes in the plot colors (in this case, an increase in audio volume is depicted by dark red pixels, a decrease, by light red pixels).

Next step would be voice-print analysis. In this particular case, this task does not need to be performed because the person (Pres. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo) in the clip already made a public declaration as to who the voice on the tape belongs to.

Plate 1 clearly shows no discontinuities found on the spectrograph analysis, which led our source to conclude that the clip is unaltered and pretty much authentic.

Case of the Bunye "Splicer"

Plate 2 shows a FFT Spectrograph analysis of the Bunye "unaltered/original" version.

Here you will find strong indications of discontinuities particularly in the middle-top portion of the spectrograph. These are actually Pres. Arroyo's background noise which disappears when "Gary" (political operative Edgar "Bong" Ruado) is speaking. The forensic person will simply conclude the test because the clip already failed in the background discontinuity test.

Now here is the interesting part, the lower-mid frequencies (lower-mid portion of the spectrograph) show only subtle discontinuities between Arroyo's and Gary's. This is an indication that the "splicer" knows his assignment on "background noise" that he "induced" one across the clip. Still, the work is not perfect because the splicer "forgot" to filter the noise in the higher frequencies (Arroyo's background noise in particular), and made the analysis much easier to execute.

Case of the Chavit X-Tape "Splicer"

Plate 3 shows an FFT Spectrograph analysis of track 6 of the "Chavit X-Tapes."

FFT Spectrograph shows very strong indication of discontinuities particularly before and after former president Joseph Estrada's waveform.

 

Plate 4 shows a zoomed version of these discontinuities.

Here we also see a "very consistent/very repetitive" clean background noise frequencies particularly on the voice of the other person. This is very typical on recordings done using a "professional" tuned-microphone/recording equipment and a quiet room with the doors/windows closed or a "recording studio." On the discontinuity test alone, a forensic expert will readily conclude that the clip is very much "spliced."

 

Plate 5 shows an FFT Spectrograph analysis of track 3 of the "Chavit X-Tapes."

No apparent discontinuities were found here but it seems the higher frequencies were cleaned out — filtered either via software or some solid-state recording equipment.

The "splicer" who worked on tracks 3 and 6 probably forgot to read books on "Audio Splicing 101 for Dummies" or the one who released this forgot to ask the experts if the "splice" will pass or not. They probably forgot that a "phone" tap should have at least some natural and continuous background noise on it. This is a case of too much exposure on expensive "noise free" audio equipment.

Inquirer Editorial

Editorial : Polling madness

Inquirer News Service

FORMER PRESIDENT Fidel V. Ramos advised President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to look closely at the results of scientific surveys so she would know the sentiments of the people and improve her leadership. Ramos said scientific surveys serve as "a very accurate guide" of public opinion, but he didn't say clearly how the administration is supposed to respond to them.

If the President were to heed the results of the survey, she would have been gone from Malacañang even before the "Hello, Garci" tape scandal broke out. But even after a series of recent surveys showing more and more Filipinos having an unfavorable opinion of the President and the way she is running the government, Malacañang officials continue to say Ms Arroyo will not step down since surveys cannot substitute for an electoral mandate. Instead, the Palace continues to hope that public opinion will be kinder to Ms Arroyo, even if it is becoming increasingly difficult to see how it could be done. The times are hard and it looks like tougher times lie ahead for the Filipinos, with oil prices going through the roof and higher taxes looming in the horizon.

But there are surveys, and surveys. While most recent surveys have focused on the approval (or disapproval) ratings of the President as well as how the scandal that has been rocking her presidency ought to be resolved, there have been a few that seem to be of very little value or significance.

One was the mid-May survey of the Social Weather Stations (SWS) poll group on Charter change. The survey of 1,200 people nationwide showed that 70 percent didn't find anything in the present Constitution that needed to be changed. But the same survey found 73 percent of the respondents admitting that they had little or almost no knowledge of the Constitution. The only useful conclusion one can reach from such a survey is that Filipinos do not know their Constitution. But to cite the survey findings as an argument against Charter change would be a non sequitur. When people oppose something they don't even know, all they are saying is that they have a fear of the unknown. It is hard to say who is more foolish: the people who judge things they don't know or those who ask them to do so.

Such silly poll-taking apparently is not a monopoly of the SWS. The Pulse Asia poll group produced something very similar shortly before the President's State of the Nation Address last July 25. In its survey, done from July 2 to 14, Pulse Asia asked 1,200 respondents to rate, on a scale from 0 to 10, the incumbent president and her predecessors, starting from Ferdinand Marcos to Joseph Estrada, according to six criteria of good governance. Marcos topped the poll with a rating of 7, while Ms Arroyo trailed everyone else with a median rating of 4, which meant that half of those surveyed, gave her that rating or even lower.

Again it should be asked how relevant are such findings when very few people have a clear recollection of the Marcos martial law regime. Marcos' 20-year rule ended almost 20 years ago. Filipinos 35 years old and below, who make up a large portion of the total population, hardly know anything about martial law (that's how poorly we have educated our youth on history). So how could this particular segment of the sample population be expected to make sound judgments on the five different administrations? Is it fair to ask a person who has tasted only Coke all of his life to compare it with Pepsi? And can he be expected to give a meaningful answer?

Obviously, the Arroyo administration fared very poorly in comparison with its predecessors, based on the survey findings. But what was the basis for the favorable verdict given to Marcos, especially by those who knew little more than that he was a past president? If Pulse Asia told us that the survey showed that familiarity breeds contempt in the case of Ms Arroyo and that absence makes the heart grow fonder in the case of Marcos, it might have brought us closer to the truth.

These efforts of our pollsters are truly pathetic. Like politicians aiming for a bombshell or the media on the lookout for a scoop, they seem to work at breakneck speed to conduct surveys, release the results and generally compete with the politicians and the media for the public spotlight. The trouble is that the relevance and import of some of their surveys have become more dubious, more suspect and even trivial.

Mercado;s Column

Viewpoint : A cage full of bananas

Juan Mercado
Inquirer News Service

THE BRITISH don't have a written constitution. They never did. But their unwritten charter extends throughout their realm, shrunken in today's post-empire era.

Like Russians, we Filipinos painstakingly scribble out our constitutions, which are often honored more in the breach than in the observance. Our transient "leaders" badger us to rewrite them to suit their equally transient plans.

People power shredded Ferdinand Marcos' Constitution that ensured his perpetual stay in power. Protests erupted in 1997 when President Fidel V. Ramos and 87 congressmen -- whose terms of office were petering out -- pushed for House Resolution 40 and Senate Bill 18. Both mandated Congress -- as a constituent assembly, not citizens in a convention -- to blue-pencil the Charter.

"That'd be like setting monkeys loose in a cage full of bananas," exploded critics.

"We can win the battle in the House," Speaker Jose de Venecia told President Ramos then. "But we'd lose the war outside."

Will they win this time?

As President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's regime stalled from the wiretapped tape scandal, Ramos dangled a "parachute": within a year, recast the Constitution to underpin a federal parliamentary democracy. Charter change could be her legacy.

"We have strained the present political system to its final limit," the President stressed in her State of the Nation Address. "It's time to start the great debate on Charter change" -- with Congress as rewrite desk.

Congressmen were ecstatic. But senators froze at the prospect of being obliterated in a unicameral system. Local executives were tantalized by liberation from "Imperial Manila" under a federal system. These triggered today's charter rewriting pandemic.

Charter change is far more important than the President's fate, citizens like Antonio Hidalgo and Jenny Llaguno told an informal gathering of Filipinos who served in the United Nations. But the move is exploited to divert attention from electoral fraud and other charges.

"Everyone's political energy is focused on bringing down or defending President Arroyo," Institute for Popular Democracy executive director Joel Rocamora wrote. "There's no way constitutional reform will go anywhere under current conditions."

Indeed, no one is fooled. For all the rhetoric, this is about simians and bananas. Most would-be charter editors cling to position, perks and pork. "Power is the ultimate aphrodisiac," former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger once said.

"Are there constitutional provisions that need to be changed now?" a Social Weather Stations survey asked in May. Seven out of 10 replied "No." "Grassroots interest in Charter change continued to be low." Three out of 10 favor some amendments, the SWS reports.

Yet, more people feel that "something's got to give." A system that thrives on persistent near-anarchy and locks the majority into penury can only end in upheaval. The conflict treadmill hasn't stanched the migration hemorrhage of the country's best and brightest.

"There is a time for every purpose under heaven," Ecclesiastes writes. "There is a time to tear down and a time to build" -- or even rewrite constitutions. Is that time now?

A system change could end "Imperial Manila's" grip on resources and talents, say Prof. Jose Abueva, former Ambassador Jose Romero and their group. These could be funneled into a semi-starved countryside. Their ideas are distilled in a new book, "Charter Change for Good Governance: Towards a Federal Republic of the Philippines, with a Parliamentary Government."

Former Prime Minister Cesar Virata thinks a shift could end the gridlock between the executive and the legislature. As early as the 1970 convention, the late former Sen. Raul Manglapus plugged for a parliamentary system.

"Does the possibility of a switch justify the hopes that are being attached to it?" asks the veteran journalist Harvey Stockwin in "Reflections From Asia" aired over Radio-TV Hong Kong.

There are no quick fixes, warn citizens like Manila Archbishop Gaudencio Rosales. Unless mind-sets change, the same Neanderthals would entrench further injustices using the new system.

People rejected the scorched-earth policy offered by the discredited Joseph Estrada and communist allies in a "transitory government." Instead, a consensus is emerging that impeachment proceed, while the debate on Charter change starts.

But this accord is also a refusal to be stampeded. There's a clear-eyed realization that constitutions enshrine a nation's ideals and the values a people cherish, their permanent hopes for tomorrow. To rewrite a charter wisely, "reason free of passion" is needed.

Today's banana cage of political primates won't provide that milieu. Legislators have devalued congressional hearings into stands for massive perjury by stool pigeons and seamy bagmen. Who would entrust recasting a constitution to moral ciphers?

We'd welcome Charter change drafted by delegates elected to a convention. That will be possible only if both the administration and opposition handle today's impeachment process far better than the aborted Estrada trial.

If impeachment is unfair, there'll be extortionate institutional costs. The chance for constitutional review and reform could be stripped away by turmoil.

There's enough kindling for that-from today's near-paralysis of governance, $64-a-barrel of oil, the country's degraded credit ratings, depleted natural resources, terror threats to hidden hunger. That's too high a cost for unleashing monkeys in a cage stuffed with bananas.

Mercado's Column

Viewpoint : Abattoir ethics

Juan Mercado
Inquirer News Service

"WHY should we believe you?" GMA Network's Maki Pulido lobbed that question at the improbably named Michaelangelo Zuce, self-confessed bagman. That left the Senate's "star witness" on alleged 2004 election fraud "tongue-tied," columnist Marichu Villanueva chuckled.

"Skewer bastards with tough questions" is counsel that editors drill into cub reporters. The probing query can help sift fact from spin and reality from propaganda. They curb lynch-mob journalism.

They're also indispensable for a country steeped in what Sen. Miriam Santiago calls "slaughterhouse politics."

Another bagman, this time from the "jueteng" illegal lottery probe, confirms this fact. Richard Garcia wailed that opposition legislators "coached him and other witnesses" on how to link the President's family to jueteng.

His covert drillmasters in perjury, he claimed, included Senators Panfilo Lacson, Aquilino Pimentel and Jinggoy Estrada and Rep. Ronaldo Zamora. "The twists and turns" … of this case have started to loop themselves around Lacson," an Inquirer editorial notes. "He now has to extricate himself."

But senators like Jose Laurel, Claro Recto, Lorenzo Tañada and Raul Roco never had to extricate themselves. They never rigged testimony. Aside from intellectual stature and integrity, they had that exquisite moral sense we Filipinos call "delicadeza" [sense of propriety].

Far too many of their successors unfortunately work by ethics of the abattoir. And "slaughterhouse morals" sap institutional credibility.

The Ferdinand Marcos and Joseph Estrada kleptocracies devalued the presidency. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's governance, stripped of values other than what is expedient, eroded it further.

Rodrigo Perez Jr., Hilario Davide and Christian Monsod were exemplary Commission on Elections stewards. But Luzviminda Tancangco and Virgilio Garcillano debased that.

The "Craven Eleven" senators sealed the second envelope in Estrada's impeachment. Dwarfs like Tito Sotto, Gringo Honasan and Lito Lapid replaced the likes of Lorenzo Sumulong, Oscar Ledesma or Emmanuel Pelaez. Thus, we're saddled with a diminished Senate over the years.

"The whole lot lack credibility, not for want of competence, but of morals," Institute for Studies in Asian Church and Culture's Melba Padilla Maggay writes in Patmos Features. "Our leaders have so alienated themselves from the people by their utter lack of integrity."

People are roused by today's moral rot but not enough to pour out into the streets in massive numbers, Maggay observes in "Ambiguities and the Search for a Moral Center in Governance." In today's crisis, "no line in the sand bids us to take sides with the resolute force" of earlier emergencies.

Left, Right and religious groups, like those of Bro. Eddie Villanueva, forge tactical alliances without agreement on aims. These ambiguities shut off clear-cut responses to positions staked by hardline partisans.

Most of today's responses are "relics from failed social experiments" -- coups, martial law, a junta or badly contrived imitations of "people power" -- Maggay notes.

People reject murky plots of the ruling elite. They're "wary about calls for extra-constitutional means of transferring power." One finds a "growing consensus to work within the disciplines of our constitutional framework."

Yet, today's impasse could open a new way out of obsolete response boxes, Maggay thinks. We must link to "that spiritual center out of which our people make most of their decisions, including politics."

"Our indigenous culture is such that people get roused only where the battle between good and evil rages. We resonate best with issues that connect with the depths of our spiritual moorings as a people. Politics must touch that core of values… [seen] now and again, in surprising displays of momentary solidarity."

She cites "the calming effect" of the Catholic Bishops Conference statement as an example. "The opposition was reduced to mumbling in corners, even as they whip up yet another wave of protests. The middle forces were quietly nudged into deeper reflection."

"Not even in Latin America, where countries are also predominantly Catholic, has the Church such authority and power to influence a nation's political temper," she adds.

Analysts claim this is partly due to "residues of the late Cardinal Sin's forceful moral leadership at critical times" and the Church's "almost medieval hold on centers of power." Maggay disagrees. "This influence is rooted in the very character of our people, at its core deeply and unabashedly spiritual," she writes. "This is why our prayer rallies also morph into political meetings."

"This culture produces folk heroes and heroines that fuse within themselves the political and the spiritual," like Hermano Pule in the mid-1800s or Cory Aquino in 1986. They have power when they give voice to what the people sense to be the Santong Boses. "Our millenarian movements call that the Spirit."

Priests or politicians lose that potency when seen to lack "malinis na loob," or selfless service. Religious leaders lose their following when they shift from prophecy to politicking.

"Today, as in previous crises, there is such a deep longing among our people for a moral center in governance," Maggay points out. The Arroyo government's future hangs to "the extent to which it regains credibility by fulfilling this expectation."

Neither will the opposition meet that yearning by a treadmill of seamy bagmen, cadged from the abattoir -- and coached by covert drillmasters to perjure.

Inquirer Editorial

Editorial : Witness weakness

THE POLITICAL opposition's entire case in the jueteng payola issue, including the alleged involvement of the President's family, is based on the testimony of a number of witnesses. Therein lies its weakness.

The presence of Archbishop Oscar Cruz at the Senate hearings-and his repeated vouching for the credibility of the witnesses-is only an apparent strength; his participation does not, by itself, confirm the truth of the various testimonies.

To be sure, an elusive criminal enterprise like the illegal numbers racket does not depend on paperwork, such as purchase orders or memoranda of agreement, that can be subpoenaed. And some of the testimony presented during the seven hearings have proven useful; it is clear that jueteng has made a comeback in some areas, and that some form of local connivance, either on the part of the police or the local government, or both, is responsible for it.

But the evidence for the involvement of the Arroyos in the same racket that brought down the previous and more popular president is based entirely on the word of three witnesses. Two of them have offered what essentially amounts to hearsay; the third said she actually delivered the money to Rep. Mikey Arroyo, the President's son, and Rep. Ignacio Arroyo, the First Gentleman's brother, on at least two occasions. But again, it is her word; the only documentary evidence she could offer proved that she had deposited money in a police general's account.

This is not to say that the two Arroyo congressmen and even the President's husband were not involved in some form in the illegal numbers game; only that, if they were in fact involved, this is not the kind of evidence that could convict them in a court of law. (In the court of public opinion, of course, and if we read the results of the latest surveys of both Pulse Asia and the Social Weather Stations correctly, all three have already been found guilty.)

Now, one of Archbishop Cruz's witnesses, Richard Garcia, has executed a rather melodramatic turnabout. He has not exactly recanted his previous testimony, but he has alleged that opposition senator and ex-presidential candidate Panfilo Lacson had urged him to implicate the Arroyos.

Lacson has since denied Garcia's allegation, and has taken pains to identify Garcia as the archbishop's witness. In one television interview, he even went as far as to say that Garcia was being "handled" by Archbishop Cruz; the word has a special meaning in police work and Lacson, of course, was once chief of the Philippine National Police.

Both Garcia and Archbishop Cruz, however, have said that Garcia had first surfaced through Lacson, and that it was Lacson who actually introduced Garcia to the anti-jueteng prelate. In other words, and as far as the "handling" of Garcia was concerned, he was eminently Lacson's witness.

The twists and turns of this part of the case have started to loop themselves around Lacson; he now has to extricate himself. But the senator's predicament aside, the larger question has to do with the political opposition's jueteng payola case. A weak case has just been made weaker; how did the opposition find itself in this situation?

The answer, in part, lies in our tendency to build cases on personal testimony rather than physical evidence. (It is a tendency shared not only by opposition leaders but by police officers, NBI agents, government officials, even journalists in search of a good story.) The problem with depending on just the words of witnesses is that a lone witness' recantation undermines everything else; physical evidence, such as the paper and electronic trail deposed President Joseph Estrada actually left behind, does not have that kind of vulnerability.

The opposition's long wait for ex-Isabela Gov. Faustino Dy Jr. is yet another symptom of this disease, another sign of investigative unimaginativeness.

Now consider the other alleged impeachable offense that hangs over the President's head: betrayal of public trust through election fraud. There is a wealth of possible evidence that can be mined if only those who feel most betrayed actually buckle down to work, by following up leads in the Garcillano tapes or Michaelangelo Zuce's affidavit. The opposition's tedious task is to tie the knots in a definite pattern; that is how a net is made.

But maybe the opposition is too busy chasing the next I-promise-to-tell-all witness?

Apathetic People

Commentary : Politics, prayer and fasting

Denis Murphy
Inquirer News Service

RALLIES, marches, public relations experts and spin masters can usually be part of political change, but it seems clear this time we need more. Ordinary people are more apathetic than they've ever been in the country's great crises. Few attend the rallies, for or against the government, unless they're paid or pressured by their bosses, for example. A few are angry, but most are just apathetic. Apathy is the political equivalent of the sin against the Holy Spirit, namely despair and loss of hope that are both unforgivable and the end of the road.

An attempt to go beyond the old approaches is the initiative now at the Edsa People Power Monument. It calls for prayer and fasting and asks people to listen to God's voice in their heart, so they will know what to do in the present political turmoil. This effort of prayer begins with two premises: that we haven't listened enough in the past, and we don't know what the solution is now.

Three groups have united to organize the work: Pag-asa (Nicky Perlas), Kapatiran (Nandy Pacheco) and Gomburza (Fr. Robert Reyes, Fr. Raul "Puti" Enriquez and Msgr. Gerry Bitoon). All who join have committed themselves to prayer and fasting for 40 days and to make other sacrifices.

It is not a perfect work by any means. The crowds are small, though the organizers hope they will build up. People say there is too much political talk, as if it is already clear what God wants. Some people complain there is too much talk in general and little help with prayer: how should we pray and how should we know the voice we hear is God's and not our own? The activity is supposed to be for all religions and for people of no religion, but it seems nearly all are Catholic. The organizers are determined to im prove in these matters.

What gives the effort its backbone and charisma is the presence of Father Reyes every day, all day at the monument. He is fasting, taking only fruit juices. On Sunday, July 31, he was on the 22nd day of the fast. "Attention must be paid to this man," to borrow a line from "Death of a Salesman."

Father Robert is my parish priest. I know he has many critics in and out of the priesthood. He has faults, for sure, most of which he readily admits and some of which he still has to face, but we should recognize that he is a special person. Some call him a "prophet." That's a lofty title for someone who often comes to our house to drink beer and talk. We are his parishioners in the Project 4 area of Quezon City.

The People Power Monument is a wonderful place for this mixture of prayer, fasting and politics. Just 50 meters in front of the statue, where the MRT runs now, ordinary citizens stopped the tanks of Ferdinand Marcos. The tanks then broke through the stonewall into a field just south of the statue, now Corinthian Gardens, and waited for further orders. My memory of the whole situation is that it was touch and go: The soldiers were confused and surly and if ordered, I think they would have gone back and finished their journey to Camp Crame.

There is no common political agenda in the group. Everyone is invited: people of contradictory opinions are welcome to come and sit quietly side by side. All religions are welcome.

The fast began on July 3 with a new moon, and for a night or two, Venus was close by. They were two young girls in the night sky, sisters, the older sister watching the younger play, a scene you see often in Manila. The noise of the traffic on the Edsa highway makes it difficult to hear the speakers. If you're meditative or sleepy, however, the traffic roar begins to sound like the "Om" of Buddhist and Hindu mystics.

The fourth night at the monument, the first reading at Mass included the most beautiful lines in the Old Testament: "I have seen the humiliation of my people in Egypt and I hear their cry when they are cruelly treated by their taskmasters. I know their suffering. I have come down to free them from the power of the Egyptians and to bring them up from that land to a beautiful spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey." (Exodus 3:8) Madre Filipinas at the top of the statue behind the priest held her hands high in exultation. Her chains, broken now, still hang from her wrists. Such is the magic of the place and people praying for God's liberation and the special hour in the country's history that the words of God to Moses seem spoken again there at the Edsa monument.

Nearly everything remains to be done. People now have a place and an inspired commitment to prayer and fasting as part of a public search for God's will. No one knows what God will reveal. People may find answers to present problems. They may learn in prayer the proper fit between the Gospel and politics for the country, and even the proper fit between the Gospel and the Filipino people. How must the Gospel be preached and how do we pray?

We should be grateful for the work of Gomburza, Pag-asa and Kapatiran.

Denis Murphy works with the Urban Poor Associates.

Pinoys Reject Cha-Cha

The Long View : An apparent consensus

Manuel L. Quezon III
Inquirer News Service

THE PERCENTAGE of Filipinos who want Charter change would have been enough to elect Fidel V. Ramos but not enough to elect Joseph Estrada. That's pretty pathetic. But it also, perhaps, explains why many supporters of Charter change, as proposed by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Speaker Jose de Venecia and former President Ramos, come from the ranks of Lakas-CMD party: They're the same people who voted Ramos into office in 1992.

The latest Social Weather Stations (SWS) survey, which took place before the President's State of the Nation Address, shows that 30 percent of Filipinos want Charter change. That's 10 percent better than the 20 percent of Filipinos who favored Cha-cha in 2003. If the figures keep growing at that rate, we can look forward to a national consensus either by 2009, when at least 50 percent of Filipinos will be in favor of Charter change; or better yet, to 2011, when perhaps 60 percent of Filipinos, an incontestable majority, will finally want it.

But for now, 70 percent of the country is content with the present Constitution. That's an almost impregnable majority.

The SWS says the Visayas is 40 percent in favor of Charter change. This still leaves a formidable majority of 60 percent against. Mindanao is even more opposed to constitutional changes than Luzon or the Visayas: Only 19 percent of the people in that island want constitutional change.

As I suggested in a previous column, there may be grounds to think that federalism is an idea to which more people might be open: 34 percent of Filipinos are agreeable to it; 28 percent are against; the undecided on the issue (34 percent) are as many as those already open to the idea. Still, the survey, which is only a snapshot in time, suggests that a national consensus exists: for the presidential, unitary and bicameral system of government.

This means that it is wrong to say there is a groundswell, anywhere in the nation, for federalism, or parliamentarism, or unicameralism. What there is, in fact, is more of an openness to exploring these concepts; but "openness" is far different from enthusiastic -- or even grudging -- "acceptance." This means our political leadership runs the risks of being out of synch with the people's sentiments, though, of course, the consequences of being held accountable for going against public opinion is next to nothing.

Rush the constitutional amendment now through Congress, and rush a referendum next year for its ratification. The advantage will be with the political parties, which have the machinery needed to get their followers to vote for a new constitution and prevent the recording of votes opposed to a new charter. In fact, there might be little need for vote-rigging since, historically, Filipinos aren't so eager about participating in referendums on constitutional amendments.

Another interesting finding of the survey is that the A, B and C classes are consistently the most interested in changing constitutional provisions. This points to the larger agenda for this exercise, which is the elimination of the so-called "masa" [masses'] vote (which is difficult to control) at least on a national basis. This means Cha-cha is a reactionary exercise in that it seeks to negate what already exists. And what exists? A democracy in which the public cannot relate to either the rhetoric or the priorities of the professional political class. This means the class finds itself threatened by more accomplished communicators who are high on charisma but low on either integrity or depth, depending on which part of the professional political circles you talk to.

Our public and our professionals made the bed they now refuse to lie in. They talk of the dangers of popularity and of weakened political parties, when they (or to be precise, their ancestors) dismantled the safeguards against both popularity and the deterioration of party government. My first columns for this newspaper explained how popularity began to trump party control: through the elimination of bloc voting, which was attacked as "undemocratic." The removal of bloc voting eliminated the institutional means for enforcing both party loyalty and party discipline.

The other flaws of the present system come about when those without political experience define our political rules. The decision to encourage a multiparty system, without run-off elections to ensure solid majorities for the winners of national contests, was the gravest mistake of all. It condemned the country to elections in which there is no incentive for self-discipline on the part of candidates, or coalition-building on the part of factions or parties. Since even a minority winner can take all, there's no need to think ahead with regard to the consequences of holding an office that has traditionally relied on broad national mandates. I can't say it often enough: percentage-wise (which is the only number system that counts in elections), the most uncharismatic president of the Third Republic, obtained a higher percentage of the votes than the most popular president of the Fifth Republic -- Carlos Garcia got 41.3 percent; Estrada got 39.6 percent.

Now, since it seems achieving a national consensus is more in keeping with the consensus that exists among the political parties (Charter change, Ramos-style, after all, is not just a Lakas-CMD affair, but rather, a group effort involving the Liberals, the Nacionalistas, the Nationalist People's Coalition, which is really the Nacionalista Party-Cojuangco Wing, and so on), then our energies should be devoted to trying to convince the public that the political parties should get what they desire. As it is, it seems to me that the public is, indeed, extremely institutional in its orientation. It likes having a presidency, for example, even if it doesn't like the President.

Cruz's Column

As I See It : Easy to check Zuce's revelations

Neal Cruz opinion@inquirer.com.ph
Inquirer News Service

IT would be easy to check the veracity of the testimony of Michaelangelo S. Zuce that President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo held a dinner for officials of the Commission on Elections (Comelec) at her La Vista, Quezon City, home in January last year, four months before the elections. (President Arroyo reportedly asked for the help of the Comelec regional directors after which her kumare Lilia Pineda, wife of alleged "jueteng" illegal lottery lord Bong Pineda, allegedly distributed white envelopes containing money.) The security guards at the La Vista gates are supposed to keep a logbook, as do security guards in other exclusive subdivisions, listing the visitors of residents inside the subdivision. That logbook would show if an unusual number of people went to the Arroyo residence that night.

Zuce also said he had arranged for the accommodation of 27 election officials at the Rothman Hotel in Malate, Manila. The hotel's logbook should also show if 27 guests from Mindanao were booked on the date mentioned by Zuce.

Whether or not money was distributed at Ms Arroyo's home depends on the witnesses and their evidence. Whether or nor Ms Arroyo's camp actually cheated in the elections after the conversation between her and Election Commissioner Virgilio Garcillano caught on the tapes is already beside the point. Her own admission and circumstantial evidence show that Ms Arroyo committed unethical acts before, during and after the elections, which make her unfit to be president.

She was a candidate in the elections and it was highly unethical for her to even talk to Comelec officials or to entertain Comelec regional directors and election supervisors in her home. She has admitted that she had talked on the phone to Garcillano. The tapes caught them talking about ensuring a one-million-vote margin for her over Fernando Poe Jr. Some Comelec regional directors have said they had been invited to dinner at Ms Arroyo's residence that fateful day in January last year, though they said they did not go. Though the others denied that they received any envelopes or that there was any such dinner, the others had no reason to lie by saying they were invited to dinner. The fact alone that a candidate entertained Comelec officials at her home before an election is already a violation of our laws and rules of ethical conduct.

No amount of media blitz or evasive answers can change those facts. She willfully violated our laws and that makes her unfit to be the leader of our nation.

* * *

Malacañang released a statement purportedly coming from former presidential liaison officer for political affairs Joey Ma. Rufino branding Zuce's revelations as "totally false."

"I am shocked and very much saddened by the wild accusations made today by Michaelangelo Zuce, who had been a technical assistant in my office," the statement said. Rufino appealed to Zuce to "retract his falsehoods" saying he (Zuce) was "condemning by publicity not only the President but hardworking regional and provincial officers of the Comelec."

"I and my office have never been involved in influencing, much less bribing, Comelec officials to support Lakas-NUCD candidates, including President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo," Rufino added.

Rufino, who is reportedly seriously ill with liver cancer, is confined at the intensive care unit of the Medical City in Pasig and "could hardly talk," according to friends who had visited him. How did he manage to write or dictate such a well-written statement so quickly?

* * *

One more piece of circumstantial evidence linking Ms Arroyo and Garcillano is a document that fell into my hands. It is marked "Confidential" and was received by the Office of the President at 10:15 a.m. on Nov. 28, 2003. It is a letter from Garcillano to Ms Arroyo, through Rufino, and it shows they knew each other since 2001. In the letter written from his home in Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro City, Garci pleaded for his appointment as commissioner as a reward for his past services to her. The letter said:

"I hope I am not taxing your patience for repeatedly reminding you of my application for the position of Commissioner of the Commission on Elections. Although you have given me the hope of being appointed to that exalted position in case of vacancy, I still feel the need to remind you of my desire.

"On February 2, 2004, two of the incumbent Commissioners are retiring, namely Honorable Commissioners Ralph C. Lantion and Luzviminda G. Tancangco. Since February is only two months away, I am taking the liberty of appealing to Your Excellency to consider me for the said position. You are very busy and my name might escape your memory. Please allow me to refresh your memory about me.

"I am Atty. Virgilio O. Garcillano, the former Regional Election Director of Region 10, based in Cagayan de Oro City. I was one of those whom the First Gentleman approached when Your Excellency ran for Senator. I also had the pleasure of serving your party when Your Excellency requested me to monitor and/or protect the votes of the Lakas-NUCD Senatorial Candidates in Mindanao during the 2001 Election. After that election, Your Excellency generously shared your time and honored us with a dinner in the Palace. It was then that Your Excellency mentioned for the first time Your Honor's intention to make me one of the Commissioners.

"Appointment to that exalted position is literally like passing through the eye of the needle. I had been waiting for this opportunity. It is Your Excellency's imprimatur -- Your final decision -- that would relieve me of the agony of waiting for the appointment, Madam President.

"If given the opportunity, I will not put Your Excellency down.... "

Cruz's Column

As I See It : Open poll returns to find out who cheated whom

Neal H. Cruz
Inquirer News Service

BELIEVE it or not, amid growing demands by the people for President Macapagal-Arroyo to resign for cheating in the last elections, she has now turned the tables on her accusers by saying that it is she who might have been cheated, citing exit polls that indicated a bigger winning margin for her over Fernando Poe, Jr. (FPJ).

There is one quick way to find out: open the election returns. That will end, definitely and conclusively, the questions about the legitimacy of her presidency, a problem that has plunged the nation into the present crisis.

This is very easy to do. The Presidential Electoral Tribunal will be opening the election returns for vice president because of the poll protest of opposition candidate Loren Legarda against Vice President Noli de Castro. Written on the same documents are the votes for the presidential candidates; it will take no more than a few seconds to tally their votes, too. As PET determines who won in the VP race, it will also know who won in the presidential race between Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (GMA) and FPJ.

If it is GMA, then all the rallies and attacks against her will cease and she can finish her term peacefully until 2010. If it is FPJ, then whoever is the rightful vice president will have to take over. Either way, no more impeachment, no more people power, no more juntas, no more Truth Commission, no more pressures from ambitious politicians, no more diversionary tactics, no more lies and evasive answers, no more need to charm the press, no more stress-filled days and sleepless nights.

GMA can then retire in peace with Mike and their children and enjoy the company of her grandchildren. Little children grow very quickly, and if you are too busy, you will soon find out that they have grown into, ugh, adults and you have missed the best times of their growing-up. If I were GMA, I would choose my family over Malacañang. The presidency is a thankless job. Try as you might, you can't please everybody. As far as I'm concerned, they can have it.

The other choice is pure and simple torture. There won't be a moment's peace for her. The rallies will continue and even get bigger. Her popularity rating will continue to plunge until even those who voted for her will demand that she step down. The mental anguish will be so great that she could have a nervous breakdown. Even her allies will get tired and quit. Those who are hanging on because of the pay will decide that it is not worth it and leave. Others will hang on for selfish motives. Eventually the military and police will get tired, too, trying to protect her and decide she is not worth protecting, and they will side with the people. It is doubtful if she would be able to finish her term. It took three years from the assassination of Ninoy Aquino until Marcos was chased out of Malacañang. Joseph Estrada lasted only six months. Time is running out on GMA.

The advice of the Americans to Marcos to "cut and cut cleanly" also applies to GMA. There is no loss of honor in knowing when you are licked and in deciding to quit.

There is a clamor that if GMA is to be replaced, it should be done the "constitutional" way. Re-counting the votes to determine who really won is the most constitutional way.

Fr. Joaquin Bernas, the constitutional expert who was one of those who drafted the present Constitution, agrees that the PET can reopen the election returns for the presidential candidates. Although the Supreme Court has denied the petition of Susan Roces to continue the poll protest of her dead husband, FPJ, "for the purpose of finding the truth," Father Bernas said that "under the present circumstances, where there is a clamor for an impartial body to look into the Gloriagate scandal, the Supreme Court may yet be persuaded to reopen the FPJ protest, as an act of judicial statesmanship, if only to find out whether indeed Gloria garnered more votes than FPJ, or whether the Vice President should be president instead. That question, after all, is what is tearing the nation apart."

And the Supreme Court itself, in deciding election protests where one of the parties died, ruled that an election protest "is imbued with public interest and is not extinguished when one of the parties dies."

In De Castro vs. Comelec, decided in 1997, the Court said: "The death of the protestant, as in this case, neither constitutes a ground for the dismissal of the contest nor ousts the trial court of its jurisdiction to decide the election contest... Determination of what candidate has in fact been elected is a matter clothed with public interest, wherefore, public policy demands that an election contest, duly commenced, be not abated by the death of the contestant."

In Vda. De Mesa vs. Mencias, the tribunal ruled:

"x x x It is axiomatic that an election contest, involving as it does not only the adjudication and settlement of the private interests of the rival candidates but also the paramount need of dispelling once and for all the uncertainty that beclouds the real choice of the electorate with respect to who shall discharge the prerogatives of the offices within their gift, is a proceeding imbued with public interest which raises it into a plane over and above ordinary civil actions. For this reason, broad perspectives of public policy impose upon courts the imperative duty to ascertain, by all means within their command, who is the real candidate elected, in as expeditious a manner as possible, without being fettered by technicalities and procedural barriers to the end that the will of the people may not be frustrated."

Isn't the present grave national crisis, which is ripping the nation apart, worth the PET's "judicial statesmanship," to allow for the tallying of the returns for GMA and FPJ at the same time that it tallies the returns for Noli and Loren?

Justice Cruz's Column

Separate Opinion : President Arroyo's Sona

Isagani Cruz
Inquirer News Service

THE State of the Nation Address (Sona) last Monday was a non-event. As drama, it was droll. As a political statement, it said nothing. As a confrontation with the issues of the day, it was a dud. I expected President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to say something significant, even challenging, but she was as tame as a kitten and no more presidential than a bureau director.

The affair was more of a fashion show, with the ladies resplendent in their colorful gowns and the gentlemen in their expensive barongs. Only former President Fidel V. Ramos came in coat and tie, as if to strike a different, superior mood. The military came in droves and in uniforms as austere as their faces. They were there to show that the Armed Forces were solidly behind their commander-in-chief.

The President had a well-orchestrated claque under the direction of Speaker Jose de Venecia. When he applauded, the members of his Rainbow Coalition also applauded. Where he was particularly pleased with what the President said, he did not merely applaud but rose to applaud. His obedient followers imitated him like so many robots because Big Sister was speaking and everybody had to cheer.

Well, not everybody because there was Senate President Franklin Drilon sitting glumly in his chair with not a sign of approval. He was a striking contrast to his co-presiding officer in the joint session who was beside himself with satisfaction. The two represented the opposite sides of the present political spectrum where several weeks ago they were an amiable twosome supporting President Arroyo.

The foreign guests, from the diplomatic corps and the business community who had come unavoidably to honor official invitation, courteously watched the charade of members of Congress, especially the House of Representatives, exhibiting their vassalage to Malacañang and their Speaker. The senators were more dignified and conceivably would not have followed their leader if Drilon had also risen to applaud.

There were those, of course, who sincerely admired the President and believed that what she was saying deserved their accolade. However, not many shared the sentiment of the small but valiant group that enthusiastically supported their idol.

How about the diehard opponents of President Arroyo who were even then already finalizing the machinery of impeachment against her? I suppose that they kept silent out of respect for the speaker where otherwise they would have responded with dismissive boos. I did not hear their disapproval as they sat peevishly like a captive audience. They were probably already preparing in their minds their adverse comments for delivery to the media.

There were reports that they had planned to boycott the Sona but except for a few stalwart oppositionists, they dutifully attended the unwelcome ordeal, also in fashionable attire like their majority colleagues but without their festive disposition. And they grimly stayed, like unwilling masochists until the President had finished her speech, without causing the threatened disturbance.

I imagine that there must have been a secret agreement among them to walk out as they had promised once President Arroyo mentioned some issue that would incite their displeasure.

Perhaps they had agreed to do this on signal from their leader for their dramatic withdrawal that would rate headlines the following day. But this expected move did not happen because it was not provoked but in fact tactically avoided by the cautious President.

They, and in fact the general public, expected Ms Arroyo to speak about such problems of her administration as corruption and election irregularities. She prudently chose not to discuss them. People wanted her to defend herself from the Garci tape charges and her alleged involvement in the "jueteng" illegal lottery scandal. She wisely declined to do so and correctly decided that these were not proper subjects in the Sona.

Instead she spoke with high praise of the accomplishments of her administration, which many did not believe. She pointed to our economic progress and even hopefully mentioned the peso-dollar exchange rate, which on that date was 55.89 pesos to one dollar. She cited 30,000 schoolrooms established under her rule, but not the lack of chairs and textbooks for the students. She also said that peace and order had improved and insurgency in the south had "abated."

The Sona was the shortest in presidential history. It was long in praise of the President's claimed accomplishments but short in the discussion of current problems and her recommendations for their solution. It was as if President Arroyo was simply making the motions to comply with tradition and the constitutional requirement. She looked quite relieved when she concluded her speech.

The true state of the nation was narrated more truthfully in the rallies outside Congress for and against President Arroyo. These were the citizens speaking without the pomp of power and the habiliments of authority in the bold exercise of their freedom of expression. They were celebrating, with placards and platitudes, their "liberty to utter and to argue freely, according to conscience, above all liberties."

More Glo Allies

Posted by Luz Rimban 
PCIJ

IF Speaker Jose de Venecia can't defeat impeachment moves against President Arroyo in the House of Representative, then the Palace will have to send in reinforcement. And the reinforcement could come in the form of new congressmen and congresswomen from party-list groups that are certified pro-Arroyo.

There has been talk going around that the Commission on Election will be proclaiming this coming week three new members of Congress from among the party-list groups still waiting for the final party list canvass. They will reportedly be brought in for a purpose and that is to raise the total number of House members from 236 to 239, so that opposition members will need 80 and not 79 signatories to endorse the impeachment complaint. Although it does not seem much, one vote short in an impeachment complaint spells the end of it.

The names and party-list groups being mentioned, however, are not exactly those who are due for proclamation. Those who are waiting in line, meantime, will have to wait longer. Based on the number of votes won, there are four party-list groups whose nominees should have been proclaimed way back June: Citizens' Battle against Corruption (CIBAC), Partido Manggagawa, Gabriela and Luzon Farmers' Party (BUTIL). But given the anti-Arroyo positions that some of these groups have taken, they might just have to prepare for a longer wait.

Meanwhile, the House leadership is said to be busy helping draft the President's State of the Nation Address on Monday. According to one party-list representative, de Venecia has been going around asking members: "What would you like the President to include in her SONA?" That being the case, expect President Arroyo's SONA to be a mishmash of issues and advocacies close to the hearts of those who have the power to make her reign or fall.

DepEd Stands Tall

Posted by Yvonne Chua
PCIJ

DROWNED out in the battle of manifestos on the ongoing political crisis is a statement released late last week by top and mid-level officials of the Department of Education (DepEd).

The statement, which appeared as a full-page ad in several national newspapers, underscored the need to keep the education system "nonpartisan and insulated from politics."

Saying that "quality education must be a path out of this crisis," the DepEd also sought a bigger budget — an 8 to 9 percent rise in its annual budget over the next five years — and the use of the Special Education Fund (SEF) of local governments solely for basic education.

A DepEd insider said education officials were constrained to issue the statement amid fears that national and local politicos who have pledged their support to the embattled Arroyo presidency would again try to meddle in the education sector, and that the president would be hard-pressed to refuse their requests given how heavily compromised she has become.

Many politicians are known to lobby for fat supply contracts and appointments of superintendents and other school officials. Their attempts, however, have been frustrated by the recent crop of DepEd officials.

By issuing last week's statement, the insider said DepEd officials are also emphasizing to whoever becomes the new education secretary—politician or otherwise—that he or she should embrace the ongoing reform agenda started under Secretary Edilberto de Jesus.

"We are setting the terms of reference. We are a professionally run organization and need to stay the course. We can't have a new secretary changing the reform agenda that took us years to craft," the insider said.

The statement was signed by all the DepEd undersecretaries and assistant secretaries, as well as nearly all its 184 schools superintendents.

Education Secretary Florencio Abad was one of the seven Cabinet members who resigned and called for President Arroyo's resignation last July 8. Arroyo has not named his replacement, but has put Undersecretary Ramon Bacani as officer-in-charge.

The appointments of several new Cabinet members are perceived to be part of the political accommodation Arroyo has been forced to make after veteran politicians like Speaker Jose de Venecia and former president Fidel V. Ramos rallied behind her amid the escalating clamor for her resignation.

Budget Secretary Romulo Neri, for example, was for a long time head of the Congressional Planning and Budget Office during De Venecia's extended speakership. He is a known JDV guy.

Some of the resigned Cabinet members have said the Arroyo administration is set to release soon the pork-barrel allocations of legislators despite the huge budget deficit to earn their support.

Trade Secretary Peter Favila was head of the Philippine National Bank during the Ramos era, when it was still in government hands, and was responsible for, among other things giving a hefty $14-million "behest" loan to businessman-rocker Ramon "RJ" Jacinto so the latter could buy PNB-owned property on Buendia Avenue in Makati in the mid-1990s.

The PCIJ wrote about this deal in 1998. What happened was PNB lent money to Jacinto so he could buy the property at a recordbreaking price of P3.7 billion. Then Jacinto offset his loans to another of his company with payments made on the property. In other words, a clever manipulation of the books that got Jacinto off the hook.  Both Favila and Jacinto can be described as Ramos boys.

Favila is also a nephew of Ramos-era Central Bank Gov. Gabriel Singson, also known to be close to Ramos.

Zamzamin Ampatuan, the new chief of the National Anti-Poverty Commission, comes from a politically influential and controversial clan in Maguindanao, with strong links to the De Venecia faction of Lakas.

One of the Ampatuans, Andal, is Maguindanao governor. As another Maguindanaoan politico revealed, Arroyo defeated Fernando Poe Jr. in 2004 with the statistically improbabale margin of 99.83 percent to 0.17 percent in seven Maguindanao towns where the mayors are all members of the Ampatuan clan.

Alexander Arevalo, the officer-in-charge at the Bureau of Customs, was a Ramos aide.  During Ramos's time, he was one of three young military officers, all graduates of the Philippine Military Academy, who served as the then president's personal assistants. A techno buff, he was largely responsible for the state-of-the art computerized back room or workroom in Malacanang, next to the Rizal Room where Ramos often received guests.

DepEd's statement in full:

A STATEMENT TO OUR LEADERS, TEACHERS, PARENTS AND COMMUNITIES

Quality Education must be a Path out of this Crisis.

We believe that quality education must be a path out of this crisis. Genuine democracies the world over succeed only where: 

• Teaching is valued by society as a time-honored profession; 
• Education is an endeavor where the whole community is involved; and
• Education system is non-partisan and insulated from politics.

The political events of these times are important to the future of the country. The running of the schools and education for all, especially our young children, however, are concerns of the present.

General Statement to the Public

The Department has put in place reforms to improve the quality of education over the past three years. These include academic reforms:

• New grading system
• Bridge program to prepare elementary graduates for high school
• Every Child a Reader program
• English, Science and Math proficiency
• Revisions to the Basic Education Curriculum
• Textbook policy (including a new, more stringent textbook content evaluation process); and
• Expansion of the Madrasah education system for young Muslim Filipinos
• Alternative Learning System for out-of-school children, youth and adults

and financial reforms:

• Decentralization of the payroll system to the regions
• Clean-up of the automatic payroll deduction system (APDS) to protect teachers from usurious lenders
• Professionalization of the Department's provident fund for teachers and non-teaching personnel
• Tightening of qualification standards in the hiring of teachers and principals
• Direct-release system and the electronic NGAS (New Government Accounting System)
• Government procurement reforms (school buildings, furniture, textbooks, instructional materials)

Over the past three years, our Department has worked hard to create and maintain a corruption-free environment with emphasis on cleaning up anomalies in hiring, procurement and finance. We are today a professionally-managed organization of educators.

Started under Secretary Edilberto C. de Jesus as the 12-Point Agenda (later the Education Roadmap), Secretary Florencio B. Abad expanded and refined these reforms as the Schools First Initiative.

To all our publics, the Department will stay the course with the Schools First Initiative that puts in place the plans for the decentralization of education down to the schools and to involve local school boards, parents and communities in taking responsibility and ownership for the achievement and performance of students under their watch.

Despite the ongoing political developments, the career professionals in the field down to our school heads and teachers assure parents that the delivery of quality education through our schools and alternative learning systems will stay focused on the Schools First Initiative. We are committed to the education of our children.

To our Leaders

Stay focused on education reforms. We need a peaceful, orderly and quick resolution to this crisis to help us focus on the task-at-hand for ourselves (quality education) and for the nation (growth and stability). Support the education reforms by significantly increasing the necessary resources to allow us to deliver on these.

To our Teachers

Stay focused on teaching. We encourage school discussion of issues to promote better understanding of the situation. But we will not tolerate mass actions that disrupt our schools. Legitimate issues should be handled within available mechanisms. We assure our teachers that the Department is working to raise the necessary resources for education, including improving teacher welfare and a salary increase.

To our Parents

Be actively involved in your children's education. Get involved with your school. This period provides us with an opportunity to clarify and affirm the values important to our society such as truth, justice, accountability, citizenship and love of country.

A Statement to All

Education is important to the future of this country. Let us spend more on public education. To our leaders, both national and local, as well as our major publics – parents, local business sector and our immediate communities – this is what we must do:

1. Raise the annual budget of the Department of Education by at least 8-9% per year over the next five years. This yearly increase of P9-10 Billion will allow us to catch up with the shortages and to provide quality inputs to keep our children engaged in the school system.
2. Focus the Special Education Fund (SEF) of local governments soely on basic education, including the education for out-of-school children, youth and adults, and on our schools. Let us minimize the use of the SEF on non-basic-education-related matters.
3. Ensure that the Department of Public Works and Highways turns over only completely-constructed school buildings. Local leaders must make sure that DPWH-constructed school buildings are complete and to specifications.
4. Depoliticize education policy. Let us not be afraid to provide an additional year of education to better prepare our children for their future. Let only properly trained pre-school teachers teach pre-school. Let us expand high school to better prepare our graduates for university or to gain more competitive skills needed for the world of work. Let us support electoral reforms that will free teachers from mandatory poll duties.

The education of our children is too important to leave to Government alone. All of us have a collective responsibility to make our education system reform. We ask all Filipinos to join us in this undertaking.

Gloria's Fighting Words

(Text of Pres. Arroyo's Nationwide TV/Radio Address on July 7, 2005)

 

Mga Minamahal kong kababayan.

When I was young and my late father Diosdado Macapagal was president of our country, I thought of him as the "good guy" and his political opponents on the other side were the "bad guys".

Because of my father's influence, I had always thought of myself as on the side of the good. Thus, it is very painful for me to know that among many of our countrymen today, I have been demonized as the "bad guy." This is unfair, but it is a cross that God in His wisdom has given me to bear, so I will bear it. I have never questioned God's ways before, and I will not do so now.

When I first entered politics in 1992, little did I know that within a decade, I would become president of our country. And little did I expect that within another five years, there would be calls from civil society for my resignation from office or for the formation of a "Truth Commission" regarding some of my political actuations.

When I spoke before the nation some two weeks ago, I did so against the advice of my legal counsel. But I thought that speaking before you, the Filipino people, was the right thing to do. Shameless people have peddled the lie that I confessed to cheating. What I disclosed was that I talked to an election official. But that this had taken place after the certificates of canvas had already been used to proclaim the winning senators, and it was those same certificates of canvass that showed that I won by around a million votes. That is the truth.

Indeed, it is right for our country to confront the truth, but if we do so, let's confront the biggest, most painful political truth. The big truth that we are aware of deep in our hearts, but that we collectively sweep under the rug. The big truth whose debilitating effects on our country, year after year, decade after decade, have developed into feelings of disgust, hopelessness and even despair among large segments of our society.

The truth that I discovered from my beginnings as a neophyte politician in 1992, rising to become a veteran politician through the years, is this: over the years, our political system has degenerated to such an extent that it is very difficult to live within the system with hands totally untainted. That is the truth. In addition, our system has degenerated to such an extent that more often than not, it is political agenda first, and national interest last. For example, we have endless investigations and scandals in aid of political and media projection, rather than in aid of legislation or executive action. That is the truth. Because of this system of politics, our country has been left behind by other countries in the region, and our best and brightest, the cream of our youth, are voting with their feet to leave the country. That is the truth.

I do not blame any individual or political block for this sad state of affairs. It is simply the truth that the political system that I am part of has degenerated to the point that it needs fundamental change. We are collectively to blame, so we must collectively be the solution. Let he who is without sin, cast the stone. To those who feel that they cannot cast the first stone, I invite you to help in the solution.

My proposed approach to reform our system of politics and governance is something that I had wanted to bring forth during the upcoming state of the nation address. However, because our country is hungry for a resolution to the political uncertainties that have plagued us these past few weeks, I will bring it up now.

First of all, I am not resigning my office. To do so under circumstances that connote an EDSA 3 would condemn any successor to the possibility of an EDSA 4, then an EDSA 5, and so on, unless our political system were first reformed to make it more responsive to the people's will, such that changes in leadership come about in an orderly and stable manner.

The world embraced EDSA 1 in 1986. The world tolerated EDSA 2 in 2001. The world will not forgive an EDSA 3 in 2005, but would instead condemn the Philippines as a country whose political system is hopelessly unstable. And the Filipinos as among the finest people in the world, but who always shoot themselves in the foot. Under those circumstances, who would invest money in the Philippines? How would we weather the difficulties arising from the price of crude oil being at its highest in history?

What I intend to do is to work with legislators and civil groups who believe that changes in the fundamental law of the land are necessary in order to confront such basic issues as federalism, the character of our legislative process, reducing red tape in government processes, running for public office under a true party system and with less need to raise campaign funds, modernizing the economic provisions of our constitution, and so forth.

At the same time, I will restructure and strengthen the cabinet, giving it a free hand to meanwhile reform and manage our day to day governance with as little political interference as possible, even from me.

This is how we will proceed.

First, I'm asking my entire cabinet to tender their resignation in order to give the executive a free hand to reorganize itself. I'll ask our sectors to give me the names of candidates that we can invite to replace those who will not return to the cabinet, or even to help out at other levels of the executive.

Second, the cabinet will be given a free hand on governance, while I focus on the fundamental changes that we need to put in place.

Third, I will begin to reach out to the political and civil sectors that have an interest in the various advocacies that are relevant to our constitution. Federalism, for example, is an advocacy that I had espoused long ago.

This is neither political ploy nor gimmick. I believe that this process will quickly lay the foundation for deep reforms in our society, including reforms in our political way of life. This would be a legacy that our generation of politicians and citizens could collectively be proud of. I now have grand children to play with and to help bring up. Like all of you, I want our children to grow up in a better Philippines. I have prayed on this, and I hope that I have discerned God's will properly.

Maraming salamat sa inyong lahat.